Effects of Power Constraints in South Africa on Digital Transformation

Olivia Williams


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There is no denying that South Africa’s energy situation is in a state of crisis. A nation renowned for its rich natural resources finds itself grappling with an ongoing energy shortage that poses significant challenges to economic growth and social development. 


Eskom, the state electricity monopoly, is currently experiencing a severe shortage in power generation capacity. Their drastic solution is to implement a system of rotating outages known as ’load-shedding’—a final fallback to prevent grid failure. 2022 was the worst year on record with 205 days of rolling blackouts and homes and businesses going up to 10 hours a day without electricity.


Costing the economy as much as 899 million rand ($51 million) daily, a long-term solution is urgently required. And yet, with warnings of ‘a difficult winter’ ahead—filled with power outages of up to 16 hours—the situation may get worse before it improves. ï»¿


South Africa’s potential for digital transformation is hindered by persistent power constraints that impede the seamless adoption and integration of digital solutions. As digital transformation emerges as a critical driver of economic growth, innovation, and competitiveness in the modern era, it will become essential to the country’s future. Curtailing that future will have a dramatic effect on the economy and the diversity of job opportunities for future generations. 


Organisations are leveraging digital technologies to streamline operations, enhance customer experiences, and unlock new business opportunities. This opens endless possibilities. Under the drive for digitalisation, the cloudification of enterprises across African nations is already well underway with spending on public cloud set to triple over the next four years. Although it may be difficult to see the current situation in a positive light, there is much scope for exciting prospects that will pave the way for innovation and change.

Power to the People

A British Exploring Society expedition in Iceland
Kusile power station in South Africa, one of the continent's largest coal fired power stations

South Africa has long struggled with an unreliable and constrained power supply, with regular blackouts and ‘load shedding’ becoming a common occurrence. These power constraints have significant ramifications for the digital transformation efforts of businesses and government organisations across the country. Without a stable power supply, businesses face a variety of challenges that hinder the effective implementation of digital technologies.


Below, we explain the two main barriers to digital transformation caused by power constraints.

Infrastructure

Digital transformation relies heavily on robust and consistent power infrastructure. Power outages and load shedding disrupt the operation of critical IT systems, data centres, and communication networks, leading to service disruptions and downtime. Unplanned power interruptions have massive implications for company efficiency, output and reliability; none of which are in the control of the company or its employees. The daily cost of these disruptions impede investment and large infrastructure projects, as well as severely affecting the delivery of goods and services.

Innovation

Digital transformation necessitates continuous innovation and experimentation. Power shortages limit the ability to pilot and deploy new digital solutions, as they rely on a stable and reliable power supply.


Companies may hesitate to invest in innovative technologies due to the risk of operational disruptions caused by power outages. This is particularly true in the context of education. As modes of learning continue to adapt and change, entire areas are being cut out of education opportunities available elsewhere. Furthermore, beyond e-learning, how can hypotheses and ideas be tested and grown without the right resources? This comes at a huge cost, as Chris Boshoff, Senior Product Manager for Vox, has explained: "IoT has slowly started delivering the solutions that are closing industrial, manufacturing, logistics and infrastructure gaps globally by providing the digital capabilities that society needs after having simmered on the edges of innovation and transformation for years. 


“The risk of losing the functionality of IoT, owing to poor connectivity, is fundamentally inhibiting uptake and innovation in the country”, citing as an example companies that have invested in IoT-powered security systems suddenly experiencing unnecessary alarms and failures, amid connectivity failure, owing to a fault or loadshedding.


“To have to plan your research around load shedding is a unique experience which not only limits innovation, but it also limits funding which could be going elsewhere to make a difference.”


Digital transformation initiatives often rely on internet connectivity and cloud-based services. Power constraints render such systems completely inaccessible to users. This limitation is particularly detrimental to remote work arrangements and e-commerce activities, which heavily rely on a lag-free connection. Data centre providers throughout South Africa, such as African Data Centres, have been actively pursuing solutions to increase their resilience to offer network interconnect, peering, compute, storage, cloud hosting and other services during extended periods of load shedding. “Africa Data Centres standard operations include the ability to run for extended periods on generators, and to maintain these systems concurrently and continually at full availability in this configuration,” said Dr Angus Hay, General Manager at African Data Centres.

A polar expedition: photo shows three young people in goggles and jackets, one holds an ice pick
South Africa has a young demographic that is vital to its digital future

A Green Grid

While economic growth in 2023 remains flat, predicted to be 0.3% and narrowly avoiding a recession, there are many opportunities for reform and a transition to green energy.


This is driven by huge political pressure to return South Africa to its place of prominence as Africa’s most industrialised nation. The digital needs of the population may also act as a force for change, providing new opportunities for foreign investment, a fertile ground for startups, job opportunities and new consumer markets.


The demand for next generation connectivity is set to increase enormously across the continent. With the “highest percentage of people under the age of 18 in the world”, the region's digital needs and literacy will be shaped by this demographic in a way unseen previously. This provides a true demographic advantage which is unique. Africa has a large pool of tech-savvy and digitally native young individuals who are eager to embrace and adapt to new technologies. Their openness to innovation and their ability to quickly adopt digital platforms and tools create a fertile ground for the digital revolution to flourish. 


Beyond these demographic foundations, there are political developments which signal opportunities for businesses. President Cyril Ramaphosa declared a state of disaster in February this year. He also appointed Kgosientsho Ramokgopa as Minister for Electricity to deal solely with the crisis. Progression to more varied sources of energy has been a political priority since 2018, with a R1.5 trillion energy plan pledged earlier this year. Recently, Minister Ramokgopa, together with Digital Council Africa, met with the leadership of the South African data-centre operator community to discuss the impact of load shedding on the sector. Juanita Clark, CEO of Digital Council Africa, said this: “We look forward to future engagement and implementation of suitable solutions to ensure that data centres are protected and availability secured.”


This diversification and political investment has the potential to radically change the current landscape, ensuring that the situation improves and South Africa becomes a hotspot for investment into renewable energy resources.


In terms of infrastructure, there are also many recent developments which are beginning to bear fruit. Copenhagen Infrastructure Partners are one of the first to invest, acquiring South African Energy IPP Mulilo Energy Holdings. If investment like this continues, it is safe to assume that the trajectory of renewable energy in South Africa will continue to rise.

Co-authors Elia Tsouros, Leon Staphorst and Olivia Williams.

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by Darren Sheppard 4 December 2025
What is the Contract Lifecycle Management and Why does it Matter? The future success of your business depends on realising the value that’s captured in its contracts. From vendor agreements to employee documents, everywhere you look are commitments that need to be met for your business to succeed. The type of contract and the nature of goods or services it covers will determine what sort of management activities might be needed at each stage. How your company is organised will also determine which departments or individuals are responsible for what activities at each stage. Contract Lifecycle Management, from a buyer's perspective, is the process of defining and designing the actual activities needed in each stage for any specific contract, allocating ownership of the activities to individuals or groups, and monitoring the performance of those activities as the contract progresses through its lifecycle. The ultimate aim is to minimise surprises, ensure the contracted goods or services are delivered by the vendor in accordance with the contract, and realise the expected business benefits and value for money. The Problem of Redundant Spend in Contracts Despite the built-in imbalance of information favoring suppliers, companies still choose to oversee these vendors internally. However, many adopt a reactive, unstructured approach to supplier management and struggle to bridge the gap between contractual expectations and actual performance. Currently, where governance exists, it is often understaffed, with weak, missing, or poorly enforced processes. The focus is primarily on manual data collection, validation, and basic retrospective reporting of supplier performance, rather than on proactively managing risk, relationships, and overall performance. The amount of redundant spend in contracts can vary widely depending on the industry, the complexity of the contracts, and how rigorously they are managed. For further information on this, Cambridge MC’s case studies provide insights into typical ranges and common sources of redundant spend. As a general estimate, industry analysts often state that redundant spend can account for as much as 20% of total contract value. In some cases, especially in poorly managed contracts, this can be much higher. What is AI-driven Contract Management? Artificial Intelligence (AI) is redefining contract management, transforming a historically time-consuming and manual process into a streamlined, efficient, and intelligent operation. Traditionally, managing contracts required legal teams to navigate through extensive paperwork, drafting, reviewing, and monitoring agreements — a process prone to inefficiencies and human error. With the emergence of artificial intelligence, particularly generative AI and natural language processing (NLP), this area of operations is undergoing a paradigm shift. This step change is not without concerns however, as there are the inevitable risks of AI hallucinations, training data biases and the threat to jobs. AI-driven contract management solutions not only automate repetitive tasks but also uncover valuable insights locked up in contract data, improving compliance and reducing the risks that are often lost in reams paperwork and contract clauses. Put simply, AI can automate, analyse, and optimise every aspect of your contract lifecycle. From drafting and negotiation to approval, storage, and tracking, AI-powered platforms enhance precision and speed across these processes; in some cases reducing work that might take several days to minutes or hours. By discerning patterns and identifying key terms, conditions, and concepts within agreements, AI enables businesses to parse complex contracts with ease and efficiency. In theory, this empowers your legal and contract teams (rather than reducing them), allowing personnel to focus on high-level tasks such as strategy rather than minutiae. However, it is important to recognise that none of the solutions available in the marketplace today offer companies an integrated supplier management solution, combining a comprehensive software platform, capable of advanced analytics, with a managed service. Cambridge Management Consulting is one of only a few consultancies that offers fully integrated Contract Management as a Service (CMaaS). Benefits of Integrating AI into your Contract Lifecycle Management Cambridge MC’s Contract Management as a Service (CMaaS) 360-degree Visibility: Enable your business to gain 360-degree visibility into contracts and streamline the change management process. Real-time Data: Gain real-time performance data and granularly compare it against contractually obligated outcomes. More Control: Take control of your contracts and associated relationships with an integrated, centralised platform. Advanced meta data searches provide specific information on external risk elements, and qualitative and quantitative insights into performance. Reduces Costs: By automating manual processes, businesses can significantly reduce administrative costs associated with contract management. AI-based solutions eliminate inefficiencies in the contract lifecycle while minimising reliance on external legal counsel for routine tasks. Supplier Collaboration: Proactively drive supplier collaboration and take a data-driven approach towards managing relationships and governance process health. Enhanced Compliance: AI tools ensure that contracts adhere to internal policies and external regulations by flagging non-compliant clauses during the drafting or review stage. This proactive approach reduces the risk of costly disputes or penalties. Reduces Human Errors: In traditional contract management processes, human errors can lead to missed deadlines and hidden risks. AI-powered systems use natural language processing to identify inconsistencies or inaccuracies in contracts before they escalate into larger issues. Automates Repetitive Tasks: AI-powered tools automate time-consuming tasks such as drafting contracts, reviewing documents for errors, and extracting key terms. This frees up legal teams to focus on higher-value activities like strategic negotiations and risk assessment. We can accurately model and connect commercial information across end-to-end processes and execution systems. AI capabilities then derive and apply automated commercial intelligence (from thousands of commercial experts using those systems) to error-proof complex tasks such as searching for hidden contract risks, determining SLA calculations and performing invoice matching/approvals directly against best-in-class criteria. Contract management teams using AI tools reported an annual savings rate that is 37% higher than peers. Spending and tracking rebates, delivery terms and volume discounts can ensure that all of the savings negotiated in a sourcing cycle are based on our experience of managing complex contracts for a wide variety of customers. Our Contract Management as a Service, underpinned by AI software tooling, has already delivered tangible benefits and proven success. 8 Steps to Transition Your Organisation to AI Contract Management Implementing AI-driven contract management requires a thoughtful and structured approach to ensure seamless integration and long-term success. By following these key steps your organisation can avoid delays and costly setbacks. Step 1 Digitise Contracts and Centralise in the Cloud: Begin by converting all existing contracts into a digital format and storing them in a secure, centralised, cloud-based repository. This ensures contracts are accessible, organised, and easier to manage. A cloud-based system also facilitates real-time collaboration and allows AI to extract data from various file formats, such as PDFs and OCR-scanned images, with ease. Search for and retrieve contracts using a variety of advanced search features such as full text search, Boolean, regex, fuzzy, and more. Monitor upcoming renewal and expiration events with configurable alerts, notifications, and calendar entries. Streamline contract change management with robust version control and automatically refresh updated metadata and affected obligations. Step 2 Choose the Right AI-Powered Contract Management Software: Selecting the right software is a critical step in setting up your management system. Evaluate platforms based on their ability to meet your organisation’s unique contracting needs. Consider key factors such as data privacy and security, integration with existing systems, ease of implementation, and the accuracy of AI-generated outputs. A well-chosen platform will streamline workflows while ensuring compliance and scalability. Step 3 Understand How AI Analyses Contracts: To make the most of AI, it’s essential to understand how it processes contract data. AI systems use Natural Language Processing (NLP) to interpret and extract meaning from human-readable contract terms, while Machine Learning (ML) enables the system to continuously improve its accuracy through experience. These combined technologies allow AI to identify key clauses, conditions, and obligations, as well as extract critical data like dates, parties, and legal provisions. Training your team on these capabilities will help them to understand the system and diagnose inconsistencies. Step 4 Maintain Oversight and Validate AI Outputs: While AI can automate repetitive tasks and significantly reduce manual effort, human oversight is indispensable. Implement a thorough process for spot-checking AI-generated outputs to ensure accuracy, compliance, and alignment with organisational standards. Legal teams should review contracts processed by AI to verify the integrity of agreements and minimise risks. This collaborative approach between AI and human contract management expertise ensures confidence in the system. Step 5 Refine the Data Pool for Better Results: The quality of AI’s analysis depends heavily on the data it is trained on. Regularly refine and update your data pool by incorporating industry-relevant contract examples and removing errors or inconsistencies. A well-maintained data set enhances the precision of AI outputs, enabling the system to adapt to evolving business needs and legal standards. Step 6 Establish Frameworks for Ongoing AI Management: To ensure long-term success, set clear objectives and measurable goals for your AI contract management system. Define key performance indicators (KPIs) to track progress and prioritise features that align with your organisation’s specific requirements. Establish workflows and governance frameworks to guide the use of AI tools, ensuring consistency and accountability in contract management processes. Step 7 Train and Empower Your Teams: Equip your teams with the skills and knowledge they need to use AI tools effectively. Conduct hands-on training sessions to familiarise users with the platform’s features and functionalities. Create a feedback loop to gather insights from your team, allowing for continuous improvement of the system. Avoid change resistance by using change management methodologies, as this will foster trust in the technology and drive successful adoption. Step 8 Ensure Ethical and Secure Use of AI: Tools Promote transparency and integrity in the use of AI-driven contract management. Legal teams should have the ability to filter sensitive information, secure data within private cloud environments, and trace data back to its source when needed. By prioritising data security and ethical AI practices, organisations can build trust and mitigate potential risks. With the right tools, training, and oversight, AI can become a powerful ally in achieving operational excellence as well as reducing costs and risk. Overcoming the Technical & Human Challenges While the benefits are compelling, implementing AI in contract management comes with some unique challenges which need to be managed by your leadership and contract teams: Data Security Concerns: Uploading sensitive contracts to cloud-based platforms risks data breaches and phishing attacks. Integration Complexities: Incorporating AI tools into existing systems requires careful planning to avoid disruptions and downtime. Change Fatigue & Resistance: Training employees to use new technologies can be time-intensive and costly. There is a natural resistance to change, the dynamics of which are often overlooked and ignored, even though these risks are often a major cause of project failure. Reliance on Generic Models: Off-the-shelf AI models may not fully align with your needs without detailed customisation. To address these challenges, businesses should partner with experienced providers who specialise in delivering tailored AI-driven solutions for contract lifecycle management. Case Study 1: The CRM That Nobody Used A mid-sized company invests £50,000 in a cutting-edge Customer Relationship Management (CRM) system, hoping to streamline customer interactions, automate follow-ups, and boost sales performance. The leadership expects this software to increase efficiency and revenue. However, after six months: Sales teams continue using spreadsheets because they find the CRM complicated. Managers struggle to generate reports because the system wasn’t set up properly. Customer data is inconsistent, leading to missed opportunities. The Result: The software becomes an expensive shelf-ware — a wasted investment that adds no value because the employees never fully adopted it. Case Study 2: Using Contract Management Experts to Set Up, Customise and Provide Training If the previous company had invested in professional services alongside the software, the outcome would have been very different. A team of CMaaS experts would: Train employees to ensure adoption and confidence in using the system. Customise the software to fit business needs, eliminating frustrations. Provide ongoing support, so issues don’t lead to abandonment. Generate workflows and governance for upward communication and visibility of adherence. The Result: A fully customised CRM that significantly improves the Contract Management lifecycle, leading to: more efficient workflows, more time for the contract team to spend on higher value work, automated tasks and event notifications, and real-time analytics. With full utilisation and efficiency, the software delivers real ROI, making it a strategic investment instead of a sunk cost. Summary AI is reshaping the way organisations approach contract lifecycle management by automating processes, enhancing compliance, reducing risks, and improving visibility into contractual obligations. From data extraction to risk analysis, AI-powered tools are empowering legal teams with actionable insights while driving operational efficiency. However, successful implementation requires overcoming challenges such as data security concerns and integration complexities. By choosing the right solutions, tailored to their needs — and partnering with experts like Cambridge Management Consulting — businesses can overcome the challenges and unlock the full potential of AI-based contract management. A Summary of Key Benefits Manage the entire lifecycle of supplier management on a single integrated platform Stop value leakage: as much as 20% of Annual Contract Value (ACV) Reduce on-going governance and application support and maintenance expenses by up to 60% Deliver a higher level of service to your end-user community. Speed without compromise: accomplish more in less time with automation capabilities Smarter contracts allow you to leverage analytics while you negotiate Manage and reduce risk at every step of the contract lifecycle Up to 90% reduction in creating first drafts Reduction in CLM costs and extraction costs How we Can Help Cambridge Management Consulting stands at the forefront of delivering innovative AI-powered solutions for contract lifecycle management. With specialised teams in both AI and Contract Management, we are well-placed to design and manage your transition with minimal disruption to operations. We have already worked with many public and private organisations, during due diligence, deal negotiation, TSAs, and exit phases; rescuing millions in contract management issues. Use the contact form below to send your queries to Darren Sheppard , Senior Partner for Contract Management. Go to our Contract Management Service Page
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